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This article is about the Nazi dictator. For the Namibian activist, see Adolf Hitler Uunona.

"Hitler" redirects here. For other uses, see Hitler (name).

Adolf Hitler^[2] (April 20, – April 30, ) was a German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from until his suicide in He and his Nazi government are known for their role in causing World War II and the Holocaust, which killed millions.

Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn in Austria-Hungary and was raised near Linz. He lived in Vienna in the first decade of the s before moving to Germany in He was decorated during his service in the German Army in World War I, receiving the Iron Cross. In , he joined the German Workers' Party (DAP), the precursor of the Nazi Party.

Hitler became the leader of the Nazi Party in In , he attempted to seize governmental power in a failed coup in Munich and was imprisoned with a sentence of five years. In jail, he dictated the first volume of his autobiography and political manifesto Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"). He led them to become the most powerful political party in Germany after the elections.

Adolf hitler biography catholic Adolf Hitler was a charismatic leader of the Nazi party, gaining power in and become dictator of Germany until his death in Initially successful, his army then suffered a series of reverses, before the eventual complete defeat of his Nazi Germany in Hitler has become infamous as a personification of human evil. He is also seen as the principal cause of the Second World War in which over 70 million people died. Yet, in the midst of the Great Depression, he captivated a nation with his mixture of charm, xenophobia, and ability to persuade.

He began running the government when he became the Chancellor of Germany in The Nazis banned all other political parties and turned Germany into a dictatorship (meaning that the government was ruled by one person). Hitler's dictatorship is known as Nazi Germany, also known as the "Third Reich" (meaning "Third Empire" or "Third Realm"). Hitler called himself the Führer (meaning "leader") after the year

Hitler ordered the takeover of Poland in , and this started World War II in Europe.

Hitler made all the important decisions during the war.^[3] At first, Nazi Germany did well in the war, but by they were losing. On 29 April , Hitler married his longtime lover, Eva Braun, in the Führerbunker in Berlin. Less than two days later, Hitler and Braun committed suicide, as the Soviet Army got to Berlin, because they did not want to be captured alive by the Soviet Union.

Because of the Nazi government, at least 50 million people died.^[4] About million soldiers and people died in the fighting. The war also killed million civilians and prisoners of war. Nazi forces committed many war crimes and atrocities during the war.^[5] They killed their enemies sometimes with mobile death squads or put them in concentration camps and death camps.

Hitler and his men persecuted and killed Jews and other ethnic, religious, and politicalminorities. In what is called the Holocaust, the Nazis killed six million Jews, Roma people, homosexuals, Slavs, and many other groups of people.^[6]

Family background

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Hitler's family was born in Waldviertel, in Lower Austria.

At the time, the name Hitler changed in this region several times between Hüttler, Hiedler, Hittler and Hitler. The name was commonly in the German-speaking area of Europe in the 19th century.^[7] The literature says that this name is descended from the Czech name Hidlar or Hidlarcek.^[8]

Childhood and early adulthood

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Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April , as the fourth child of six^[9] in Braunau am Inn.

This is a small town near Linz in the province of Upper Austria, close to the border with Germany. At the time, the town was in Austria-Hungary. His parents were Klara Pölzl and Alois Hitler.

Adolf hitler biography yahoo Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April in the small Austrian town of Braunau to Alois Hitler who later became a senior customs official and his wife Klara, who was from a poor peasant family. Hitler did not do particularly well in school , leaving formal education in Unable to settle into a regular job, he drifted. He wished to become an artist but was rejected from the Academy in Vienna. At primary school, Hitler showed great intellectual potential and was extremely popular with fellow pupils as well as being admired for his leadership qualities.

Because of his father's job, Hitler moved from Braunau to Passau, later to Lambach and finally to Leonding. He attended several Volksschule's.

Hitler's mother, Klara Pölzl, was his father's third wife and also his cousin.^[10] Hitler's father died in Hitler was born with only one testicle.^[11][12]

Hitler failed high schoolexams in Linz twice.

In , he left school. He became interested in the anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish), Pan-German teachings of ProfessorLeopold Poetsch. In September , he went to Vienna and took an entrance examination. On 1 and 2 October, he failed the second examination. Hitler went back to Linz at the end of October. In December , Hitler's mother died and, because of that, he was depressed.^[13] Hitler's mother was Catholic, but Hitler is not known to have been personally interested in Christianity.^[14]

In , Hitler again went to Vienna to study art.

He tried to become a student at the Academy of Arts, but failed the first entrance examination.^[13] He made many paintings and sold them at low prices. Hitler said he first became an anti-Semite in Vienna. This city had a large Jewish community.^[15]

In , Hitler was 24 years old. At that time, all young Austrian men had to join the army.

Hitler did not like the Austrian army and the Austro-Hungarian Empire because of its many ethnic groups, so he left Austria for Germany. He lived in the German city of Munich.^[13]

World War I

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On 16 August , Hitler joined the Bavarian army.

He fought for the German Empire in World War I. Hitler served in Belgium and France in the 16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment. He spent nearly the whole time on the Western Front. He was a runner, one of the most dangerous jobs on the Front.^[16] That means he ran from one position to another, carrying messages.

On 1 November , Hitler became a Gefreiter (which was like being a private first class in the United States Army, or a lance corporal in the British Army). The government awarded him the Iron Cross Second Class on 2 December

On 5 October , Hitler was hurt by a bullet shell. Between 9 October and 1 December, he was in the militaryhospitalBelitz.^[17] In March , he went back to the front.

There, he fought in a battle and was awarded with the Militärverdienstkreuz Third Class with swords.

In March , Hitler participated in the Spring Offensive. On 4 August , Hitler was awarded the Iron Cross First Class by the Jewish Hugo Gutmann. After Germany surrendered, Hitler was shocked, because the German army still held enemy area in November ^[18]

Entry into politics

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After World War I, Hitler stayed in the army and returned to Munich.

There he attended the funeral march of the Bavarian prime ministerKurt Eisner, who had been killed.^[19] In , he participated in a training programme for propaganda speakers from 5 to 12 June and 26 June to 5 July.

Later that year, Hitler joined a small political party called the German Workers Party.

He became member number ^[20] He soon won the support of the party's members. Two years later, he became the party's leader. He renamed the party the National Socialist German Workers Party. It became known as the Nazi Party.

During the Weimar Republic

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In , Hitler got together several hundred other members of the Nazi Party and tried to take over the Weimar Republic government (–34) in the Beer Hall Putsch.^[21] The coup failed.

Adolf hitler education Adolf Hitler — was the leader of Germany during the Third Reich — He was the primary instigator of both the Second World War in Europe and the mass execution of millions of people deemed to be "enemies," or inferior to the Aryan ideal. He rose from being a talentless painter to the dictator of Germany and, for a few months, emperor of much of Europe. His empire was crushed by an array of the world's strongest nations; he killed himself before he could be tried and brought to justice. A moody child, he grew hostile towards his father, especially once the latter had retired and the family had moved to the outskirts of Linz.

The government killed 13 of his men^[22] (the 13 dead men were later declared saints in Nazi ideology). They also put Hitler in the Landsberg Prison. They said that he would stay in prison for five years, but they let him leave after nine months.

Mein Kampf

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See the main article: Mein Kampf

While Hitler was in prison, he wrote a book with the help of his close friend Rudolf Hess.

At first, Hitler wanted to call the book Four and a Half Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice. In the end, he called the book "Mein Kampf" ("My Struggle").^[23]

Mein Kampf brought together some of Hitler's different ideas and explains where they came from:^[24]

• His idea that the "Aryan race" was better than everybody else: This came from Arthur de Gobineau's book called The Inequality of the Human Races.
• His plans for an Empire in the East: These plans came from the way Germany had captured farming land in the First World War.
• His idea that democracy (rule by governments vote in elections) should be replaced by dictatorship (rule by one man)
• The idea that Judaism and communism were connected: He got this idea from the Nazi writerAlfred Rosenberg.
• His anger against the Jews.

  He suggests that they should be killed, though he is not clear about how this should be done.^[25]

Hitler may also have been influenced by Martin Luther's On the Jews and their Lies.

Adolf hitler biography religion: Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Nazi Germany who rose to power with his radical ideology. He was responsible for starting World War II and initiating the Holocaust.

In Mein Kampf, Hitler says Martin Luther was "a great warrior, a true statesman and a great reformer."^[15]

Rise to power

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In January , Hitler was elected into the German government and became a dictator in the next months. He ended freedom of speech, freedom of the press and put his enemies in prisons and concentration camps or killed them.

He banned every other political party except the Nazi Party by the summer of and Germany became a one-party state.^[21] Hitler and his propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, spread extreme nationalism within Germany. All media came under the control of the Nazi Party and they had to praise Hitler and the Nazis.

Also, more people were born because Hitler wanted more people of the "master race" (those he called "Aryans"). After the death of Paul von Hindenburg in , Hitler declared the office of President vacant and made himself Führer (both Head of State and Head of Government) and became a full dictator with no checks and balances.

He made Germany a totalitarianfascistdictatorship.^[26]

Hitler was also responsible for the Beer Hall Putsch of In the Night of the Long Knives of he had Ernst Röhm the head of the SA killed by Heinrich Himmler, Reinhard Heydrich and the SS. They were also involved in the Kristallnacht ().

World War II

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Hitler is credited with starting World War II on September 1, by ordering the German Army to invade Poland.^[27] His army took over western Poland, and later most of Europe, including France and a large part of the Soviet Union.

The Holocaust

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During the war, Hitler ordered the Nazis to kill many people, including women and children. The Nazis killed around six million Jews in the Holocaust. Other people that the Nazis killed were Roma (Gypsies), homosexuals, Slavs such as Russians and Poles, and his political opponents.^[28]Hitler spared his Jewish teacher also.

Finally, some of the other countries in the world worked together to defeat Germany. Hitler lost all of the lands that he had taken. Millions of Germans were killed in the war.

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Adolf biography jews klara hitler

At the end of World War II, Hitler gave all people in the Führerbunker permission to leave it. Many people did and moved to the region of Berchtesgaden. They used planes and truck convoys.

Hitler, the Göbbels family, Martin Bormann, Eva Braun and some other staff remained in the bunker.^[29] Hitler married Eva Braun on 29 April

Death

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Forty hours after Hitler and Eva Braun got married in Berlin, Germany, both of them committed suicide: Eva Braun, by poisoning with cyanide; Hitler also gave some to his German Shepard.

Then, Hitler committed suicide by shooting himself in the head with his gun.^[29] Before this, Hitler ordered that their bodies be burned after they were dead.^[30] This prevented him from being captured alive by soldiers of the Red Army, who were closing in on him. Despite this, there are theories that Hitler did not die in , but that he instead escaped to Argentina.

These theories are very unpopular, with most historians dismissing them.^[31]

Hitler in history

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Ian Kershaw, a historian who wrote a biography (life story) of Hitler, describes him as a modern symbol of evil.

Adolf Hitler | Biography, Rise to Power, History, & Facts ...

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"Never in history has such ruination been [linked] with the name of one man."^[32] However, Kershaw and some other historians believe that it is more important to look at the wider problems in Germany at the time, rather than at Hitler himself, to explain why the war and the Holocaust happened.^[33]

Related pages

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References

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