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Childhood and education

The fourth of nine children of Johann Georg and Anna Regina Kant, Immanuel Kant was born in the town of Königsberg, East Prussia, on April 22, Johann Kant was a harness maker, and the large family lived a humble life.

The family belonged to a Protestant religious group of Pietists (a German religious movement whose members strongly believed in religious experience and biblical study), and a concern for religion touched every aspect of their lives. Although Kant became critical of formal religion, he continued to admire the &#x;praiseworthy conduct&#x; of Pietists.

Erkenntnistheorie von immanuel kant biography summary Immanuel Kant [ a ] born Emanuel Kant ; 22 April — 12 February was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. He has been called the "father of modern ethics", [ 7 ] the "father of modern aesthetics", [ 8 ] and for bringing together rationalism and empiricism, the "father of modern philosophy ". In his doctrine of transcendental idealism , Kant argued that space and time are mere "forms of intuition" that structure all experience , and that the objects of experience are mere "appearances". The nature of things as they are in themselves is unknowable to us. Kant drew a parallel to the Copernican Revolution in his proposal to think of the objects of experience as conforming to our spatial and temporal forms of intuition and the categories of our understanding, so that we have a priori cognition of those objects.

Kant&#x;s elementary education was at Saint George&#x;s Hospital School and then at the Collegium Fredericianum, a Pietist school, where he remained from until Here he gained a deep appreciation for the classics of Latin literature, especially the poet Lucretius.

In Kant entered the University of Königsberg. He became interested in philosophy, mathematics, and the natural sciences.

The death of Kant&#x;s father in left him without income. He became a private tutor for seven years in order to have enough time and money to continue his education. During this period Kant published several papers dealing with scientific questions. The most important was the &#x;General Natural History and Theory of the Heavens&#x; in In this work Kant concluded the origin of the solar system was a result of the gravitational (having to do with the force exerted between bodies of matter) connection of atoms (the smallest pieces of matter).

In the same year Kant presented a Latin treatise, &#x;On Fire,&#x; to qualify for the doctoral degree.

Kant spent the next fifteen years (&#x;) as a lecturer.

Immanuel kant biografia Immanuel Kant was a famous German philosopher. Kant is also considered to be a central figure of the modern philosophy. He urged that human concepts and other categories structure our view of the world and its laws which, according to him, is reason, or the main source of morality. This is especially true in major fields such as ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, aesthetics and political philosophy. Immanuel major work called Critique of the Pure Reason was published in

In order to live he lectured between twenty-six and twenty-eight hours a week. Despite this enormous teaching burden, Kant continued to publish papers on various topics. He finally achieved a professorship at Königsberg in

Critique of Pure Reason

At the age of fifty-seven Kant published the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason (; 2d ed.

). This enormous work is one of the most important and difficult books in Western thought.

Immanuel kant biography summary: Immanuel Kant (–) is the central figure in modern philosophy. He synthesized early modern rationalism and empiricism, set the terms for much of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, and continues to exercise a significant influence today in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, and other fields.

The aim of the critique is to explain how experience and reason interact in thought and understanding. The Critique of Pure Reason is a methodology (a collection of methods and rules) of how &#x;understanding and reason [the power of understanding] can know apart from experience.&#x; This revolutionary proposal means that the mind organizes our experiences into the way the world appears and the way that we think about the world.

Any experience is placed into one of these categories so that it can be understood. Kant also wrote that the mind can have knowledge of things that have or have not been experienced, but these are only possibilities. Kant does not say that the mind creates objects&#x;only the conditions under which objects are noticed and understood.

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We can never know noumenal reality (theoretical objects or ideas that are understood by thought alone) with any certainty.

Kant suggests that the theories of God, freedom, and immorality (something that goes against ideas or right and wrong) are not proved or disproved through the use of reason, nor can the use of scientific methods prove or disprove their existence.

The idea of them is beyond the realm of human experience. Kant expressed that faith in God, freedom, and immorality are rational beliefs because their existence makes an orderly and moral world a possibility.

Later works

In Kant restated the main outlines of his first critique in a brief, analytic form in the Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics.

Immanuel kant biography summary

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In

he presented an early view of the practical aspects of reason in Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals. In he published the Critique of Practical Reason.

While theoretical reason is concerned with knowledge, practical reason is concerned with will, or self-determination. There is only one human reason, but after it decides what it can know, it must determine how it shall act.

Erkenntnistheorie von immanuel kant biography Kant was born into a devoutly religious Lutheran family of modest means. His father was a saddle-maker, and his mother was deeply religious, instilling in young Kant a sense of piety and discipline. Kant was particularly interested in physics and mathematics, and his early education was heavily influenced by the works of Isaac Newton. After completing his studies, Kant worked as a private tutor for several years, while continuing his research and writing. Portrait of German philosopher Immanuel Kant,

Thus the freedom of the will determines how one shall lead his life. And the basic, reasonable principle of a free morality (a morality that one is free to choose) is some universal and necessary law which follows. This principle is called by Kant the &#x;Categorical Imperative,&#x; which states that a man should act in a way that is acceptable and applicable to all people.

In questioning the outcome of man&#x;s freedom, Kant insists that practical reason assumes the immortality of the soul and the existence of God as the conditions for true freedom.

In Kant completed his third critique, which attempts to draw these conflicting ideas together. The Critique of Judgment attempts to connect the concepts of nature with the concepts of freedom.

Erkenntnistheorie von immanuel kant biography pdf

The major works of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant offer an analysis of theoretical and moral reason and the ability of human judgment. He had a great influence on the intellectual movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Johann Kant was a harness maker, and the large family lived a humble life. The family belonged to a Protestant religious group of Pietists a German religious movement whose members strongly believed in religious experience and biblical study , and a concern for religion touched every aspect of their lives. Although Kant became critical of formal religion, he continued to admire the "praiseworthy conduct" of Pietists.

Although Kant continued to write until shortly before his death, the &#x;critical works&#x; are the source of his influence. Only a life of extraordinary self-discipline enabled him to accomplish his task. He was barely five feet tall and extremely thin, and his health was fragile. Toward the end of his life he became increasingly antisocial and bitter over the growing loss of his memory and capacity for work.

Kant became totally blind and finally died on February 12, , in Königsberg.

For More Information

Kuehn, Manfred. Kant: A Biography. New York: Cambridge University Press,

Scruton, Roger. Kant: A Very Short Introduction. Rev. ed. New York: Oxford University Press,

Sedgwick, Sally, ed.

The Reception of Kant&#x;s Critical Philosophy: Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. New York: Cambridge University Press,

Stuckenberg, J. H. W. The Life of Immanuel Kant. London: Macmillan, Reprint, Lanham, MD: University Press of America,