Jayaprakash narayan son siddharth

Jayaprakash Narayan

Indian independence activist (–)

"Loknayak" redirects here.

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    • For the Indian film about him, see Loknayak (film).

    Jayaprakash Narayan

    Born

    Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava


    ()11 October

    Sitab Diara, Chhapra district, Bengal Presidency, British India (now in Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India)[1]

    Died8 October () (aged&#;76)

    Patna, Bihar, India

    Other&#;namesJP, Jay Prakash Narayan, Lok Nayak
    Alma&#;materUniversity of Wisconsin (M.A., sociology)
    Ohio State University (B.

    A., behavioural science)
    University of Iowa (CHE, discontinued)
    U.C. Berkeley (chemistry, discontinued)[2][3]

    Occupations
    • Activist
    • theorist
    • politician
    Political partyIndian National Congress
    Janata Party
    MovementQuit India, Sarvodaya, JP Movement
    SpousePrabhavati Devi
    RelativesBrajkishore Prasad (father-in-law)
    Awards

    Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listenⓘ; 11 October &#;– 8 October ), also known as JP and Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian politician, theorist and independence activist.

    He is mainly remembered for leading the mids opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling for her overthrow in a "total revolution". In , Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. His other awards include the Magsaysay award for public service in

    Early life

    Jayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October [4][5] in the village of Sitabdiara, Saran district, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India).[1][a] His house was near the banks of the flood-prone Ghaghara river; every time the river swelled, the house would be slightly damaged, eventually forcing the family to move a few kilometres away to a settlement that is now known as Jayprakash Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.[citation needed]

    Narayan came from a SrivastavaKayastha family.[7][5] He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi.

    His father was a junior official in the canal department of the state government and often toured the region. When Narayan was nine years old, he left his village to enroll in the seventh class of the collegiate school at Patna.[8] This was his first break from village life. Narayan stayed at Saraswati Bhawan, a student hostel in which most of the boys were older than him and included some of Bihar's future leaders, such as its first chief minister Krishna Singh, his deputy Anugrah Narayan Sinha and several others who became politicians and academics.[9]

    In October , Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's elder daughter and independence activist Prabhavati Devi.[10] After their wedding, because Narayan was working in Patna and it was difficult for his wife to stay with him, Mahatma Gandhi invited Prabhavati to become an inmate at Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad).[11] Jayaprakash, along with some friends, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak about Gandhi's non-cooperation movement against the passing of the Rowlatt Act of Azad was a brilliant orator and his call to give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to the skies.

    That brief experience of soaring up with the winds of a great idea left imprints on his inner being".[citation needed] Inspired by Azad's words, Jayaprakash left Bihar National College with just 20 days remaining to his examinations. Jayaprakash joined the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by Rajendra Prasad, and became among the first students of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.[citation needed]

    Higher education in the United States

    After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Narayan decided to continue his studies in the United States.[10] At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the cargo ship Janus while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati.

    Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October and was admitted to University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) in January [12] To pay for his education, Narayan picked grapes, packed fruits at a canning factory, washed dishes, and worked as a garage mechanic and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. These jobs gave Narayan an insight into the difficulties of the working class.[2][3]

    After a semester studying chemistry[13] at UC Berkeley, his fees doubled and Narayan was forced to transfer to The University of Iowa and later to other universities.

    He pursued his favourite subject, sociology, and received much help from Professor Edward A. Ross.[citation needed]

    In Wisconsin, Narayan was introduced to Karl Marx's book Das Kapital. News of the success of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War made Narayan conclude Marxism was the way to alleviate the suffering of the masses.

    He studied books by Indian intellectual and Communist theoretician M. N. Roy. Narayan's paper on sociology Cultural Variation[14] was declared the best of the year.[15] Narayan graduated from University of Wisconsin with a MA in Sociology, and from Ohio State University with a BA in behavioural science.[2][3] While in the United States, he met K.

    B. Menon, then teaching at Harvard, ultimately persuading him to return to India and join the independence movement there.[16]

    Politics

    Having become a Marxist, Narayan returned from the US to India in late [17] The same year, he joined the Indian National Congress (INC or Congress) on the invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru; Mahatma Gandhi became Narayan's mentor in the Congress.

    Narayan shared a house at Kadam Kuan in Patna with his close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)[18] with whom he shared a lasting friendship.[18]

    After being jailed in for civil disobedience against British rule, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, where he met Rammanohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Asoka Mehta, Basawon Singh, Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami and other national leaders.

    After his release, the Congress Socialist Party (CSP), a left-wing group within the Congress, was formed with Acharya Narendra Deva as president and Narayan as general secretary.[citation needed]

    When Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in August , Narayan, along with Yogendra Shukla, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Pandit Ramnandan Mishra, Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail with a goal of starting an underground movement for freedom.[19] Many young socialist leaders like Rammanohar Lohia, Chhotubhai Puranik and Aruna Asaf Ali took part in the movement.

    Because Narayan was ill, Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya with Narayan on his shoulders,[19] a distance of about &#;km (77&#;mi).[20] Narayan also served as the[21] chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

    After Independence

    Between and , Jayaprakash Narayan was President of All India Railwaymen's Federation, the largest labour union in Indian Railways.[22]

    Emergency

    In , Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of violating electoral laws.[23][24][25][26] Narayan called for Gandhi and the CMs to resign, and the military and police to disregard unconstitutional and immoral orders.[citation needed] He advocated a program of social transformation, which he termed Sampoorna kraanti (total revolution).[citation needed] Immediately afterwards, Gandhi proclaimed a national Emergency on the midnight of 25 June [27] Desai, opposition leaders, and dissenting members of Gandhi's own party were arrested that day.[28]

    Jayaprakash Narayan gathered a crowd of , people at Ramlila grounds and recited RashtrakaviRamdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s poem Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai.[29]

    Narayan was detained at Chandigarh; he asked for one month parole to mobilise relief in flooded parts of Bihar.

    His health suddenly deteriorated on 24 October , and he was released on 12 November the same year.[citation needed] At Jaslok Hospital, Bombay, Narayan was diagnosed with kidney failure; he would be on kidney dialysis for the rest of his life.[citation needed]

    In the UK, Surur Hoda launched "Free JP", a campaign for the release of Jayaprakash Narayan that was chaired by Nobel Peace Prize winner Philip Noel-Baker.[30]

    On 18 January , Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency and announced elections.

    The Janata Party, a vehicle for the broad spectrum of the opposition to Gandhi, was formed under JP's guidance.[citation needed] The Janata Party was voted into power and became the first non-Congress party to form a central government.[31] In the Indian presidential election, Narayan was proposed as President of India by Janata Party leaders but he refused and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, then Speaker of the Lok Sabha, became president.[citation needed]

    Private life

    At the age of 17, Jayaprakash was married to Prabhavati Devi, daughter of lawyer and nationalist Brij Kishore Prasad in October Prabhavati was very independent and on Gandhi's invitation, went to stay at his ashram while Jayaprakash continued his studies.[32] Prabhavati Devi died on 15 April after a long battle with cancer.[citation needed]

    Death

    In March , while he was in hospital, Narayan's death was erroneously announced by the Indian prime minister Morarji Desai, causing a wave of national mourning, including the suspension of parliament and regular radio broadcasting, and the closure of schools and shops.

    When he was told about the mistake a few weeks later, Narayan smiled.[33] Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,[34] on 8 October , three days before his 77th birthday, due to effects of diabetes and heart disease.[citation needed]

    Awards

    Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan

    Artistic depictions of JP

    See also

    References

    1. ^ abThe village, Sitabdiara, where J.P.

      was born is situated beside the confluence of the river Ghaghra with the Ganga, and its site has been changing with changes in the course of the rivers. When he was born, this village lay in the Chapra district of Bihar, it now belongs to the Ballia district of Uttar PradeshPrasad, Bimal ().

      A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan. Oxford University Press. p.&#;IX. ISBN&#;.

    2. ^ abc"The Idea of 'Total Revolution'". Bangalore Mirror. 16 October Retrieved 22 February
    3. ^ abcKhushwant Singh (30 March ).

      "A new wave from the old India". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 February

    4. ^Ratan, Das (). Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission. Sarup & Sons. p.&#;7. ISBN&#;.
    5. ^ abDevasahayam, M. G. (). India's Second Freedom: An Untold Saga.

      Siddharth Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 5 June

    6. ^"A forgotten hero's forgotten legacy". Archived from the original on 16 August
    7. ^Das, Sandip (). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume. Mittal Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
    8. ^Scarfe, Allan; Scarfe, Wendy ().

      J.

      Jayaprakash narayan education: Jaya Prakash Narayana (born 14 January ) is an Indian liberal politician, activist and a former public administrator. [1] He is the founder and president of Lok Satta Party. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly from Kukatpally constituency of Telangana in India.

      P., His Biography. Orient Blackswan. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    9. ^Bhattacharjea, Ajit (). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography. Vikas Publishing House. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
    10. ^ abDas, Sandip (). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume. Mittal Publications.

      p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    11. ^Ratan, Das (). Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission. Sarup & Sons. p.&#;7. ISBN&#;.
    12. ^Chishti, Seema (11 October ). "Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of a turbulent time". The India Express. Retrieved 11 June
    13. ^"Register – University of California: /".

      Register. Berkeley, California: University of California Press: hdl/coo

    14. ^Narayan, JP. Cultural variation. Diss. The Ohio State University,
    15. ^"Writings of Jayprakash Narayan". . Retrieved 21 January
    16. ^S, Lekshmi Priya (4 August ).

      Loksatta jayaprakash narayan biography Jaya Prakash Narayana born 14 January is an Indian liberal politician, activist and a former public administrator. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly from Kukatpally constituency of Telangana in India. He is a physician by training. He served as an officer of the Indian Administrative Service from to , later took voluntary resignation from the service and started the Loksatta Movement , which had been instrumental in bringing several important national reforms. He is also the founder and General Secretary of Foundation for Democratic Reforms NGO , an independent public-policy think-tank and research-resource centre.

      "This Unsung Kerala Scholar Was The Architect of the Quit India Movement in Malabar!". The Better India. Retrieved 18 February

    17. ^Das, Sandip (). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume. Mittal Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
    18. ^ abRalhan, O.P.

      (). Encyclopaedia of Political Parties. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp.&#; (at pages 73–74). ISBN&#;.

    19. ^ abSrivastava, N.M.P. (). Struggle for Freedom: Some Great Indian Revolutionaries. al Research Institute, Government of Bihar, Patna.
    20. ^Distance between Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya.

      Retrieved on 20 November

    21. ^"Bihar Vibhuti's Legacy Drifting into Oblivion?". Patna Daily. 6 January Archived from the original on 25 January Retrieved 6 January
    22. ^Bear, Laura (). Lines of the Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Bureaucracy, and the Intimate Historical Self.

      Columbia University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    23. ^"Indian Emergency of ". Mount Holyoke College. Archived from the original on 19 May Retrieved 5 July
    24. ^"The Rise of Indira Gandhi". Library of Congress Country Studies. Retrieved 27 June
    25. ^Kuldip Singh (11 April ).

      "OBITUARY: Morarji Desai". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 May Retrieved 27 June

    26. ^Katherine Frank (). Indira: The Life Of Indira Nehru Gandhi. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

      Jayaprakash Narayan Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life ...

      Beginning with the elections the party has adopted a whistle as their official symbol. One Billion Votes. The Lok Satta organisation worked on bringing about several political reforms by working with other civic organisations. Lok Satta Party was founded with the realisation that entering into politics is the only option to bring about fundamental changes in the system and a new political culture. It is a subset of the National Council of the party.

      pp.&#; ISBN&#;.

    27. ^"Justice Sinha, who set aside Indira Gandhi's election, dies at 87". The Indian Express. 22 March Archived from the original on 9 March Retrieved 5 July
    28. ^Choudhary, Ratnadeep (10 April ). "Morarji Desai, the prime minister for whom time in PMO was 'tougher than prison'".

      ThePrint. Retrieved 21 June

    29. ^Harish Khare (16 May ). "Obligations of a lameduck". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 20 July Retrieved 2 January
    30. ^McRobie, George (30 June ). "Surur Hoda: Trade unionist who spread the message of Mahatma Gandhi".

      The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 27 August Retrieved 6 January

    31. ^"How non-BJP, non-Congress governments in India have fared in the past". . 16 May Retrieved 26 December
    32. ^ abVaidya, Prem.

      Jayaprakash narayan biography Previous post. Next post. Crash Course. Optional Courses. Degree Program.

      "Jayaprakash Narayan&#;– Keeper of India's Conscience". Archived from the original on 5 February Retrieved 16 August

    33. ^"Jayaprakash Narayan's death announced mistakenly". . 23 March Retrieved 9 December
    34. ^Datta-Ray, Sunanda K. "Inconvenient Prophet".

      India Today. Archived from the original on 31 January Retrieved 6 January [failed verification]

    35. ^Correspondent, NDTV (24 January ). "List of all Bharat Ratna award winners". . Archived from the original on 11 March Retrieved 29 November
    36. ^"Blog Entry# ".

      India Rail. 1 August Archived from the original on 18 October Retrieved 1 August

    37. ^"Uncensored 'Loknayak' to be screened soon". The Times of India. 19 October Archived from the original on 8 February Retrieved 20 November
    38. ^"Loknayak". Archived from the original on 22 February Retrieved 25 February
    39. ^""I am fully indebted to theatre"".

      The Hindu. 31 May Archived from the original on 22 February Retrieved 25 February

    .

    Jayaprakash narayan lok satta He is mainly remembered for leading the mids opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling for her overthrow in a " total revolution ". In , Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna , India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. His other awards include the Magsaysay award for public service in Narayan came from a Srivastava Kayastha family. His father was a junior official in the canal department of the state government and often toured the region.

    Further reading and bibliography

    • Braja Kishore Prasad: The Hero of Many Battles by Sachidanand Sinha; National Book Trust, India, New Delhi; ; ISBN&#;
    • Red Fugitive: Jayaprakash Narayan by H L Singh Dewans Publications Lahore
    • Life and Time of Jayaprakash Narayan by J S Bright Dewans Publications Lahore
    • J.P: His Biography, Allan and Wendy Scarfe, Orient Longmans New Delhi
    • Jayaprakash Narayan - Jankranti Ke Loknayak by Dr.

      Riteshwar Nath Tiwari, Rajmangal Prakashan, April

    • Jayaprakash: Rebel Extraordinary, by Lakshmi Narayan Lal, Indian Book Company New Delhi
    • Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan, by Suresh Ram Macmillan Co. Delhi
    • Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan by Farooq Argali Janata Pocket Books Delhi
    • Bimal Prasad (editor).

      A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan. Oxford University Press, DelhiISBN&#;

    • Jai Prakash Narain, Jayaprakash Narayan, Essential Writings, – A Centenary Volume, –, Konark Publishers () ISBN&#;
    • Dr. Kawaljeet, J.P.'s Total Revolution and Humanism (Patna: Buddhiwadi Foundation, ).

      ISBN&#;

    • Dr. Ramendra (editor), Jayaprakash Vichar Sankalan [Hindi] (Patna: Rajendra Prakashan, ).
    • Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri, Leftism in India: – (London and New Delhi: Palgrave Macmillan, ).
    • Radhakanta Barik, Politics of the JP Movement (Radiant Publications, Delhi, )
    • MG Devashayam, JP Movement Emergency and India's Second Freedom (Vitasta Publishing Pvt.

      Ltd., New Delhi, ). ISBN&#;

    • Why Socialism,
    • War Circulars, 1–4 CSP, Lucknow
    • Inside Lahore Fort, Sahityalaya Patna
    • Nation Building in India&#;– JP Narayan
    • Three Basic Problems of India.

    • Lok Satta Party - Wikipedia

    • From Socialism to Sarvodaya, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi

    • A Plea for Reconstruction of Indian Polity, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi
    • Swaraj for the People, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi
    • Sarvodaya Answer to Chinese Aggression, Sarvodaya Prachuralaya Tanjore
    • Face to Face, Navchetna Prakashan, Varansi
    • Prison Diary, Samajwadi Yuvjan Sabha Calcutta and Popular Prakashan, Bombay
    • Towards Struggle, edited by Yusuf Meherally, Padma Publications, Bombay , 47
    • Socialism, Sarvodaya and Democracy, edited by Bimal Prasad, Asia Publishing House Bombay
    • Communitarian Society and Panchayti Raj, edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi
    • Nation-Building in India, edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi
    • Towards Revolution, edited by Bhargava and Phadnis, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi
    • J.P's Jail Life (A Collection of Personal Letters) translated by G S Bhargava, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi
    • Towards Total Revolution, edited by Brahmanand Popular Prakashan Bombay
    • J P:Profile of a non-conformist, Interviews by Bhola Chatterji, Minerva Associates, Calcutta,
    • To All Fighters of Freedom II, A Revolutionary's Quest-selected writings of Jayprakash Narayan, edited by Bimal Prasad Oxford University Press New Delhi
    • Concept of Total Revolution: An Introductory Essay(JP and social change) by Bimal Prasad

    External links

    Recipients of Bharat Ratna Award

    –
    –
    –
    • Vinoba Bhave ()
    • Abdul Ghaffar Khan ()
    • M.

      G. Ramachandran ()

    • B. R. Ambedkar, and Nelson Mandela ()
    • Rajiv Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Morarji Desai ()
    • Abul Kalam Azad, J. R. D. Tata and Satyajit Ray ()
    • Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali, and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam ()
    • M. S. Subbulakshmi, and C. Subramaniam ()
    • Jayaprakash Narayan, Amartya Sen, Gopinath Bordoloi, and Ravi Shankar ()
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    –